287 lines
9.7 KiB
Groff
287 lines
9.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2002\-2006 Szabolcs Szakacsits.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2005 Richard Russon.
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.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
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.\"
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.TH NTFSRESIZE 8 "February 2006" "ntfsprogs @VERSION@"
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.SH NAME
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ntfsresize \- resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B ntfsresize
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[\fIOPTIONS\fR]
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.B \-\-info
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.I DEVICE
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.br
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.B ntfsresize
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[\fIOPTIONS\fR]
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[\fB\-\-size \fISIZE\fR[\fBk\fR|\fBM\fR|\fBG\fR]]
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.I DEVICE
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.B ntfsresize
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program safely resizes Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, Windows
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NT4 and Longhorn NTFS filesystems without data loss. All NTFS versions are
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supported, used by 32\-bit and 64\-bit Windows.
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.B Defragmentation is NOT required prior to resizing
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because the program can relocate any data if needed, without risking data
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integrity.
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.PP
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Ntfsresize can be used to shrink or enlarge any NTFS filesystem located
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on an unmounted
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.I DEVICE
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(usually a disk partition). The new filesystem will have
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.I SIZE
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bytes.
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The
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.I SIZE
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parameter may have one of the optional modifiers
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.BR k ,
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.BR M ,
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.BR G ,
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which means the
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.I SIZE
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parameter is given in kilo\-, mega\- or gigabytes respectively.
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.B Ntfsresize
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conforms to the SI, ATA, IEEE standards and the disk manufacturers
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by using k=10^3, M=10^6 and G=10^9.
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If both
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.B \-\-info
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and
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.B \-\-size
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are omitted then the
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NTFS filesystem will be enlarged to the underlying
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.I DEVICE
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size.
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.PP
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To resize a filesystem on a partition, you must resize BOTH the filesystem
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and the partition by editing the partition table on the disk. Similarly to
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other command line filesystem resizers,
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.B ntfsresize
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doesn't manipulate the size of the partitions, hence
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to do that you must use a disk partitioning tool as well, for example
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.BR fdisk (8).
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Alternatively you could use one of the many user friendly partitioners that
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uses
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.B ntfsresize
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internally, like Mandriva's DiskDrake, QTParted, SUSE/Novell's YaST Partitioner,
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IBM's EVMS, GParted or Debian/Ubuntu's Partman.
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.PP
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.B IMPORTANT!
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It's a good practice making REGULAR BACKUPS of your valuable data, especially
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before using ANY partitioning tools. To do so for NTFS, you could use
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.BR ntfsclone (8).
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Don't forget to save the partition table as well!
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.SS Shrinkage
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If you wish to shrink an NTFS partition, first use
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.B ntfsresize
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to shrink the size of the filesystem. Then you could use
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.BR fdisk (8)
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to shrink the size of the partition by deleting the
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partition and recreating it with the smaller size.
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Do not make the partition smaller than the new size of
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NTFS otherwise you won't be able to boot. If you did so notwithstanding
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then just recreate the partition to be as large as NTFS.
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.SS Enlargement
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To enlarge an NTFS filesystem, first you must enlarge the size of the
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underlying partition. This can be done using
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.BR fdisk (8)
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by deleting the partition and recreating it with a larger size.
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Make sure it will not overlap with an other existing partition.
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Then you may use
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.B ntfsresize
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to enlarge the size of the filesystem.
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.SS Partitioning
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When recreating the partition by a disk partitioning tool,
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make sure you create it at the same
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starting sector and with the same partition type as before.
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Otherwise you won't be able to access your filesystem. Use the 'u'
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fdisk command to switch to the reliable sector unit from the
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default cylinder one.
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Also make sure you set the bootable flag for the partition if it
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existed before. Failing to do so you might not be able to boot your
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computer from the disk.
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.SH OPTIONS
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Below is a summary of all the options that
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.B ntfsresize
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accepts. Nearly all options have two equivalent names. The short name is
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preceded by
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.B \-
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and the long name is preceded by
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.BR \-\- .
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Any single letter options, that don't take an argument, can be combined into a
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single command, e.g.
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.B \-fv
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is equivalent to
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.BR "\-f \-v" .
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Long named options can be abbreviated to any unique prefix of their name.
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.TP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-info\fR
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By using this option ntfsresize will determine the theoretically smallest
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shrunken filesystem size supported. Most of the time the result is the space
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already used on the filesystem. Ntfsresize will refuse shrinking to a
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smaller size than what you got by this option and depending on several
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factors it might be unable to shrink very close to this theoretical
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size. Although the integrity of your data should be never in risk,
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it's still strongly recommended to make a test run by using the
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\fB\-\-no\-action\fR option before real resizing.
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Practically the smallest shrunken size generally is
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at around "used space" + (20\-200 MB). Please also take into account
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that Windows might need about 50\-100 MB free space left to boot safely.
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This option never causes any changes to the filesystem, the partition is
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opened read\-only.
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR SIZE\fR[\fBk\fR|\fBM\fR|\fBG\fR]
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Resize filesystem to \fISIZE\fR[\fBk\fR|\fBM\fR|\fBG\fR] bytes.
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The optional modifiers
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.BR k ,
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.BR M ,
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.B G
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mean the
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.I SIZE
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parameter is given in kilo\-, mega\- or gigabytes respectively.
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Conforming to standards, k=10^3, M=10^6 and G=10^9. Use this option
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with
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.B \-\-no\-action
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first.
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
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Forces ntfsresize to proceed with the resize operation even if the filesystem
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is marked for consistency check.
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Please note, ntfsresize always marks the filesystem
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for consistency check before a real resize operation
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and it leaves that way for extra
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safety. Thus if NTFS was marked by ntfsresize then it's safe to
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use this option. If you need
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to resize several times without booting into Windows between each
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resizing steps then you must use this option.
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.TP
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.B \-n, \-\-no\-action
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Use this option to make a test run before doing the real resize operation.
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Volume will be opened read\-only and
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.B ntfsresize
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displays what it would do if it were to resize the filesystem.
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Continue with the real resizing only if the test run passed.
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.TP
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-bad\-sectors\fR
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Support disks having hardware errors, bad sectors with those
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.B ntfsresize
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would refuse to work by default.
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Prior using this option, it's strongly recommended to make a backup by
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.BR ntfsclone (8)
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using the \-\-rescue option, then running 'chkdsk /f /r volume:' on Windows
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from the command line. If the disk guarantee is still valid then replace it.
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It's defected. Please also note, that no software can repair these type of
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hardware errors. The most what they can do is to work around the permanent
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defects.
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This option doesn't have any effect if the disk is flawless.
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.TP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-no\-progress\-bar\fR
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Don't show progress bars.
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.TP
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\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
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More output.
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.TP
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\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
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Print the version number of
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.B ntfsresize
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and exit.
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.TP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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Display help and exit.
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.SH EXIT CODES
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The exit code is 0 on success, non\-zero otherwise.
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.SH KNOWN ISSUES
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No reliability problem is known. If you need
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help please try the Ntfsresize FAQ first (see below) and if you
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don't find your answer then send your question, comment or bug report to
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the development team:
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.br
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.nh
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linux\-ntfs\-dev@lists.sourceforge.net
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.hy
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.PP
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There are a few very rarely met restrictions at present: filesystems having
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unknown bad sectors, relocation
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of the first MFT extent and resizing into the middle of a $MFTMirr extent
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aren't supported yet. These cases are detected and
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resizing is restricted to a safe size or the closest safe
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size is displayed.
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.PP
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.B Ntfsresize
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schedules an NTFS consistency check and
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after the first boot into Windows you must see
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.B chkdsk
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running on a blue background. This is intentional and no need to worry about it.
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Windows may force a quick reboot after the consistency check.
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Moreover after repartitioning your disk and depending on the
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hardware configuration, the Windows message
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.B System Settings Change
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may also appear. Just acknowledge it and reboot again.
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.PP
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The disk geometry handling semantic (HDIO_GETGEO ioctl) has changed
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in an incompatible way in Linux 2.6 kernels and this triggered multitudinous
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partition table corruptions resulting in unbootable Windows systems, even if
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NTFS was consistent, if
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.BR parted (8)
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was involved in some way. This problem was often attributed to ntfsresize
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but in fact it's completely independent of NTFS thus ntfsresize. Moreover
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ntfsresize never touches the partition table at all. By changing
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the 'Disk Access Mode' to LBA in the BIOS makes booting work
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again, most of the time. You can find more information about this issue
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in the Troubleshooting section of the below referred Ntfsresize FAQ.
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.SH AUTHORS
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.B ntfsresize
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was written by Szabolcs Szakacsits, with contributions from Anton Altaparmakov
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and Richard Russon.
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.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Many thanks to Anton Altaparmakov and Richard Russon
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for libntfs, the excellent documentation and comments,
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to Gergely Madarasz, Dewey M. Sasser and Miguel Lastra and his colleagues
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at the University of Granada for their continuous and highly valuable help,
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furthermore to Erik Meade, Martin Fick, Sandro Hawke, Dave Croal,
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Lorrin Nelson, Geert Hendrickx, Robert Bjorkman and Richard Burdick
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for beta testing the relocation support, to Florian Eyben, Fritz Oppliger,
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Richard Ebling, Sid\-Ahmed Touati, Jan Kiszka, Benjamin Redelings, Christopher
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Haney, Ryan Durk, Ralf Beyer, Scott Hansen, Alan Evans for the valued
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contributions and to Theodore Ts'o whose
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.BR resize2fs (8)
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man page originally formed the basis of this page.
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.SH AVAILABILITY
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.B ntfsresize
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is part of the
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.B ntfsprogs
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package and is available from:
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.br
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.nh
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http://www.linux\-ntfs.org/content/view/19/37
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.hy
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.sp
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The manual pages are available online at:
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.br
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.nh
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http://man.linux-ntfs.org/
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.hy
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.sp
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.B Ntfsresize
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related news, example of usage, troubleshooting, statically linked binary and
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FAQ (frequently asked questions) are maintained at:
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.br
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.nh
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http://mlf.linux.rulez.org/mlf/ezaz/ntfsresize.html
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.hy
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR fdisk (8),
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.BR cfdisk (8),
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.BR sfdisk (8),
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.BR parted (8),
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.BR evms (8),
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.BR ntfsclone (8),
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.BR mkntfs (8),
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.BR ntfsprogs (8)
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