Updated the ntfs-3g manual

Reordered the options alphabetically and updated the urls.
pull/9/head
Jean-Pierre André 2021-08-30 09:20:48 +02:00
parent 88c4a19c5a
commit 84739d9e4d
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
.\" Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Jean-Pierre Andre
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
.TH NTFS-3G 8 "Mar 2014" "ntfs-3g @VERSION@"
.TH NTFS-3G 8 "Aug 2021" "ntfs-3g @VERSION@"
.SH NAME
ntfs-3g \- Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
.SH SYNOPSIS
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ It comes in two variants \fBntfs-3g\fR and \fBlowntfs-3g\fR with
a few differences mentioned below in relevant options descriptions.
.PP
The \fIvolume\fR to be mounted can be either a block device or
an image file.
an image file, either by using the mount command or starting the drive.
.SS Windows hibernation and fast restarting
On computers which can be dual-booted into Windows or Linux, Windows has
to be fully shut down before booting into Linux, otherwise the NTFS file
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ and
.B dmask
options.
.PP
Doing so, Windows users have full access to the files created by
Doing so, all Windows users have full access to the files created by
.B ntfs-3g.
.PP
But, by setting the \fBpermissions\fR option, you can benefit from the full
@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ data stream and can have many named data streams. The size of a file is the
size of its unnamed data stream. By default, \fBntfs-3g\fR will only read
the unnamed data stream.
.PP
By using the options "streams_interface=windows", with the ntfs-3g driver
By using the option \fBstreams_interface=windows\fP, with the ntfs-3g driver
(not possible with lowntfs-3g), you will be able to read any named data
streams, simply by specifying the stream's name after a colon.
streams, simply by specifying the stream name after a colon.
For example:
.RS
.sp
@ -107,45 +107,10 @@ cat some.mp3:artist
.RE
Named data streams act like normal files, so you can read from them, write to
them and even delete them (using rm). You can list all the named data streams
a file has by getting the "ntfs.streams.list" extended attribute.
a file has by getting the \fBntfs.streams.list\fP extended attribute.
.SH OPTIONS
Below is a summary of the options that \fBntfs-3g\fR accepts.
.TP
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
Set the owner and the group of files and directories. The values are numerical.
The defaults are the uid and gid of the current process.
.TP
.BI umask= value
Set the bitmask of the file and directory permissions that are not
present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.BI fmask= value
Set the bitmask of the file permissions that are not present.
The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.BI dmask= value
Set the bitmask of the directory permissions that are not
present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.BI usermapping= file-name
Use file \fIfile-name\fP as the user mapping file instead of the default
\fB.NTFS-3G/UserMapping\fP. If \fIfile-name\fP defines a full path, the
file must be located on a partition previously mounted. If it defines a
relative path, it is interpreted relative to the root of NTFS partition
being mounted.
.P
.RS
When a user mapping file is defined, the options \fBuid=\fP, \fBgid=\fP,
\fBumask=\fP, \fBfmask=\fP, \fBdmask=\fP and \fBsilent\fP are ignored.
.RE
.TP
.B permissions
Set standard permissions on created files and use standard access control.
This option is set by default when a user mapping file is present.
.TP
.B acl
Enable setting Posix ACLs on created files and use them for access control.
This option is only available on specific builds. It is set by default
@ -153,46 +118,11 @@ when a user mapping file is present and the
.B permissions
mount option is not set.
.TP
.B inherit
When creating a new file, set its initial protections
according to inheritance rules defined in parent directory. These rules
deviate from Posix specifications, but yield a better Windows
compatibility. The \fBpermissions\fR option or a valid user mapping file
is required for this option to be effective.
.TP
.B ro
Mount filesystem read\-only. Useful if Windows is hibernated or the
NTFS journal file is unclean.
.TP
.BI locale= value
This option can be useful when wanting a language specific locale environment.
It is however discouraged as it leads to files with untranslatable chars
to not be visible.
.TP
.B force
This option is obsolete. It has been superseded by the \fBrecover\fR and
\fBnorecover\fR options.
.TP
.B recover
Recover and try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by
Windows. The Windows logfile is cleared, which may cause inconsistencies.
Currently this is the default option.
.TP
.B norecover
Do not try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by Windows.
.TP
.B ignore_case \fP(only with lowntfs-3g)
Ignore character case when accessing a file (\fBFOO\fR, \fBFoo\fR, \fBfoo\fR,
etc. designate the same file). All files are displayed with lower case in
directory listings.
.TP
.B remove_hiberfile
When the NTFS volume is hibernated, a read-write mount is denied and
a read-only mount is forced. One needs either to resume Windows and
shutdown it properly, or use this option which will remove the Windows
hibernation file. Please note, this means that the saved Windows
session will be completely lost. Use this option under your own
responsibility.
.B allow_other
This option overrides the security measure restricting file access
to the user mounting the filesystem. This option is only
allowed to root, but this restriction can be overridden by
the \fBuser_allow_other\fP option in the /etc/fuse.conf file.
.TP
.B atime, noatime, relatime
The
@ -201,7 +131,7 @@ option updates inode access time for each access.
The
.B noatime
option disables inode access time updates which can speed up
option disables inode access time updates, which can speed up
file operations and prevent sleeping (notebook) disks spinning
up too often thus saving energy and disk lifetime.
@ -217,6 +147,23 @@ this option doesn't break applications that need to know
if a file has been read since the last time it was modified.
This is the default behaviour.
.TP
.B big_writes
This option prevents fuse from splitting write buffers into 4K chunks,
enabling big write buffers to be transferred from the application in a
single step (up to some system limit, generally 128K bytes).
.TP
.B compression
This option enables creating new transparently compressed files in
directories marked for compression. A directory is marked for compression by
setting the bit 11 (value 0x00000800) in its Windows attribute. In such a
directory, new files are created compressed and new subdirectories are
themselves marked for compression. The option and the flag have no effect
on existing files. Currently this is the default option.
.TP
.B debug
Makes ntfs-3g (or lowntfs-3g) to print a lot of debug output from libntfs-3g
and FUSE.
.TP
.B delay_mtime[= value]
Only update the file modification time and the file change time of a file
when it is closed or when the indicated delay since the previous update has
@ -225,22 +172,26 @@ This is mainly useful for big files which are kept open for a long
time and written to without changing their size, such as databases or file
system images mounted as loop.
.TP
.B show_sys_files
Show the metafiles in directory listings. Otherwise the default behaviour is
to hide the metafiles, which are special files used to store the NTFS
structure. Please note that even when this option is specified, "$MFT" may
not be visible due to a glibc bug. Furthermore, irrespectively of
show_sys_files, all files are accessible by name, for example you can always
do
"ls \-l '$UpCase'".
.BI dmask= value
Set the bitmask of the directory permissions that are not
present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.B hide_hid_files
Hide the hidden files and directories in directory listings, the hidden files
and directories being the ones whose NTFS attribute have the hidden flag set.
The hidden files will not be selected when using wildcards in commands,
but all files and directories remain accessible by full name, for example you
can always display the Windows trash bin directory by :
"ls \-ld '$RECYCLE.BIN'".
.B efs_raw
This option should only be used in backup or restore situation.
It changes the apparent size of files and the behavior of read and
write operation so that encrypted files can be saved and restored
without being decrypted. The \fBuser.ntfs.efsinfo\fP extended attribute
has also to be saved and restored for the file to be decrypted.
.TP
.BI fmask= value
Set the bitmask of the file permissions that are not present.
The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.B force
This option is obsolete. It has been superseded by the \fBrecover\fR and
\fBnorecover\fR options.
.TP
.B hide_dot_files
Set the hidden flag in the NTFS attribute for created files and directories
@ -250,13 +201,141 @@ they do not appear in Windows directory displays either.
When a file is renamed or linked with a new name, the hidden flag is
adjusted to the latest name.
.TP
.B hide_hid_files
Hide the hidden files and directories in directory listings, the hidden files
and directories being the ones whose NTFS attribute have the hidden flag set.
The hidden files will not be selected when using wildcards in commands,
but all files and directories remain accessible by full name, for example you
can always display the Windows trash bin directory by :
"ls \-ld '$RECYCLE.BIN'".
.TP
.B ignore_case \fP(only with lowntfs-3g)
Ignore character case when accessing a file (\fBFOO\fR, \fBFoo\fR, \fBfoo\fR,
etc. designate the same file). All files are displayed with lower case in
directory listings.
.TP
.B inherit
When creating a new file, set its initial protections
according to inheritance rules defined in parent directory. These rules
deviate from Posix specifications, but yield a better Windows
compatibility. The \fBpermissions\fR (or **acl**) option or a valid user
mapping file is required for this option to be effective.
.TP
.BI locale= value
This option can be useful when wanting a language specific locale environment.
It is however discouraged as it leads to files with untranslatable characters
to not be visible.
.TP
.BI max_read= value
With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set.
The default is infinite. Note that the size of read requests is
limited anyway by the system (usually to 128kbyte).
.TP
.B no_def_opts
By default ntfs-3g acts as if \fBsilent\fP (ignore permission errors when
permissions are not enabled),
\fBallow_other\fP (allow any user to access files) and \fBnonempty\fP
(allow mounting on non-empty directories) were set, and \fBno_def_opts\fP
cancels these default options.
.TP
.B no_detach
Makes ntfs-3g to not detach from terminal and print some debug output.
.TP
.B nocompression
This option disables creating new transparently compressed files in directories
marked for compression. Existing compressed files can still be read and
updated.
.TP
.B norecover
Do not try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by Windows.
.TP
.B permissions
Set standard permissions on created files and use standard access control.
This option is set by default when a user mapping file is present.
.TP
.B posix_nlink
Compute the count of hard links of a file or directory according to
the Posix specifications. When this option is not set, a count of 1
the POSIX specifications. When this option is not set, a count of 1
is set for directories, and the short name of files is accounted for.
Using the option entails some penalty as the count is not stored and
has to be computed.
.TP
.B recover
Recover and try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by
Windows. The Windows logfile is cleared, which may cause inconsistencies.
Currently this is the default option.
.TP
.B remove_hiberfile
When the NTFS volume is hibernated, a read-write mount is denied and
a read-only mount is forced. One needs either to resume Windows and
shutdown it properly, or use this option which will remove the Windows
hibernation file. Please note, this means that the saved Windows
session will be completely lost. Use this option under your own
responsibility.
.TP
.B ro
Mount the filesystem read\-only. Useful if Windows is hibernated or the
NTFS journal file is unclean.
.TP
.B show_sys_files
Show the metafiles in directory listings. Otherwise the default behaviour is
to hide the metafiles, which are special files used to store the NTFS
structure. Please note that even when this option is specified, "$MFT" may
not be visible due to a glibc bug. Furthermore, irrespectively of
\fBshow_sys_files\fP, all files are accessible by name, for example you can
always do
"ls \-l '$UpCase'".
.TP
.B silent
Do nothing, without returning any error, on chmod and chown operations
and on permission checking errors,
when the \fBpermissions\fR option is not set and no user mapping file
is defined. This option is on by default, and when set off (through option
\fBno_def_opts\fR) ownership and permissions parameters have to be set.
.TP
.BI special_files= mode
This option selects a mode for representing a special file to be created
(symbolic link, socket, fifo, character or block device). The \fImode\fP can
be \fBinterix\fR or \fBwsl\fR, and existing files in either mode are
recognized irrespective of the selected mode. Interix is the traditional
mode, used by default, and wsl is interoperable with Windows WSL, but
it is not compatible with Windows versions earlier than Windows 10.
Neither mode are interoperable with Windows.
.TP
.BI streams_interface= mode
This option controls how the user can access Alternate Data Streams (ADS) or in
other words, named data streams. The \fImode\fP can be set to one of \fBnone\fR,
\fBwindows\fR or \fBxattr\fR. If the option is set to \fBnone\fR, the user
will have no access to the named data streams. If it is set to \fBwindows\fR
(not possible with lowntfs-3g), then the user can access them just like in
Windows (eg. cat file:stream). If it's set to \fBxattr\fR, then the named
data streams are mapped to extended attributes and a user can manipulate them
using \fB{get,set}fattr\fR utilities. The default is \fBxattr\fR.
.TP
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
Set the owner and the group of files and directories. The values are numerical.
The defaults are the uid and gid of the current process.
.TP
.BI umask= value
Set the bitmask of the file and directory permissions that are not
present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which
means full access to everybody.
.TP
.BI usermapping= file-name
Use file \fIfile-name\fP as the user mapping file instead of the default
\fB.NTFS-3G/UserMapping\fP. If \fIfile-name\fP defines a full path, the
file must be located on a partition previously mounted. If it defines a
relative path, it is interpreted relative to the root of NTFS partition
being mounted.
.P
.RS
When a user mapping file is defined, the options \fBuid=\fP, \fBgid=\fP,
\fBumask=\fP, \fBfmask=\fP, \fBdmask=\fP and \fBsilent\fP are ignored.
.RE
.TP
.B user_xattr
Same as \fBstreams_interface=\fP\fIxattr\fP.
.TP
.B windows_names
This option prevents files, directories and extended attributes to be
created with a name not allowed by windows, because
@ -277,92 +356,15 @@ with no suffix or followed by a dot.
.sp
Existing such files can still be read (and renamed).
.RE
.TP
.B allow_other
This option overrides the security measure restricting file access
to the user mounting the filesystem. This option is only
allowed to root, but this restriction can be overridden by
the 'user_allow_other' option in the /etc/fuse.conf file.
.TP
.BI max_read= value
With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set.
The default is infinite. Note that the size of read requests is
limited anyway to 32 pages (which is 128kbyte on i386).
.TP
.B silent
Do nothing, without returning any error, on chmod and chown operations
and on permission checking errors,
when the \fBpermissions\fR option is not set and no user mapping file
is defined. This option is on by default, and when set off (through option
\fBno_def_opts\fR) ownership and permissions parameters have to be set.
.TP
.B no_def_opts
By default ntfs-3g acts as if "silent" (ignore permission errors when
permissions are not enabled),
"allow_other" (allow any user to access files) and "nonempty"
(allow mounting on non-empty directories) were set, and "no_def_opts"
cancels these default options.
.TP
.BI streams_interface= value
This option controls how the user can access Alternate Data Streams (ADS) or
in other words, named data streams. It can be set to, one of \fBnone\fR,
\fBwindows\fR or \fBxattr\fR. If the option is set to \fBnone\fR, the user
will have no access to the named data streams. If it is set to \fBwindows\fR
(not possible with lowntfs-3g), then the user can access them just like in
Windows (eg. cat file:stream). If it's set to \fBxattr\fR, then the named
data streams are mapped to xattrs and user can manipulate them using
\fB{get,set}fattr\fR utilities. The default is \fBxattr\fR.
.TP
.B user_xattr
Same as \fBstreams_interface=\fP\fIxattr\fP.
.TP
.BI special_files= value
This option selects a mode for representing a special file to be created
(symbolic link, socket, fifo, character or block device). The mode can
be \fBinterix\fR or \fBwsl\fR, and existing files in either mode are
recognized irrespective of the selected mode. Interix is the traditional
mode, used by default, and wsl is interoperable with Windows WSL, but
it is not compatible with Windows versions earlier than Windows 10.
.TP
.B efs_raw
This option should only be used in backup or restore situation.
It changes the apparent size of files and the behavior of read and
write operation so that encrypted files can be saved and restored
without being decrypted. The \fBuser.ntfs.efsinfo\fP extended attribute
has also to be saved and restored for the file to be decrypted.
.TP
.B compression
This option enables creating new transparently compressed files in
directories marked for compression. A directory is marked for compression by
setting the bit 11 (value 0x00000800) in its Windows attribute. In such a
directory, new files are created compressed and new subdirectories are
themselves marked for compression. The option and the flag have no effect
on existing files. Currently this is the default option.
.TP
.B nocompression
This option disables creating new transparently compressed files in directories
marked for compression. Existing compressed files can still be read and
updated.
.TP
.B big_writes
This option prevents fuse from splitting write buffers into 4K chunks,
enabling big write buffers to be transferred from the application in a
single step (up to some system limit, generally 128K bytes).
.TP
.B debug
Makes ntfs-3g to print a lot of debug output from libntfs-3g and FUSE.
.TP
.B no_detach
Makes ntfs-3g to not detach from terminal and print some debug output.
.SH USER MAPPING
NTFS uses specific ids to record the ownership of files instead of
the \fBuid\fP and \fBgid\fP used by Linux. As a consequence a mapping
between the ids has to be defined for ownerships to be recorded into
NTFS and recognized.
the \fBuid\fP (user id) and \fBgid\fP (group id) used by Linux. As a
consequence a mapping between the ids has to be defined for ownerships
to be recorded into NTFS files and recognized.
.P
By default, this mapping is fetched from the file \fB.NTFS-3G/UserMapping\fP
located in the NTFS partition. The option \fBusermapping=\fP may be used
to define another location. When the option permissions is set and
to define another location. When the option **permissions** is set and
no mapping file is found, a default mapping is used.
.P
Each line in the user mapping file defines a mapping. It is organized
@ -379,15 +381,15 @@ both cases, files created on Linux will appear to Windows as owned by a
foreign user, and files created on Windows will appear to Linux as owned by
root. Just copy the example below and replace the 9 and 10-digit numbers by
any number not greater than 4294967295. The resulting behavior is the same as
the one with the option permission set with no ownership option and no user
mapping file available.
the one with the option \fBpermission\fP set with no ownership option and no
user mapping file available.
.RS
.sp
.B ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000
.sp
.RE
If a strong interoperation with Windows is needed, the mapping has to be
defined for each user and group known in both system, and the \fBSID\fPs used
defined for each user and group known to both system, and the \fBSID\fPs used
by Windows has to be collected. This will lead to a user mapping file like :
.RS
.sp
@ -454,15 +456,18 @@ manual page.
Please see
.RS
.sp
http://www.tuxera.com/support/
https://github.com/tuxera/ntfs-3g/wiki/NTFS-3G-FAQ
.sp
.RE
for common questions and known issues.
If you would find a new one in the latest release of
the software then please send an email describing it
in detail. You can contact the
development team on the ntfs\-3g\-devel@lists.sf.net
address.
the software then please post an ntfs-3g issue describing it in detail
so that the development team can be aware of the issue and take care of it:
.RS
.sp
https://github.com/tuxera/ntfs-3g/issues
.sp
.RE
.SH AUTHORS
.B ntfs-3g
was based on and a major improvement to ntfsmount and libntfs which were
@ -472,7 +477,8 @@ Linux-NTFS team developer Szabolcs Szakacsits (szaka@tuxera.com).
.SH THANKS
Several people made heroic efforts, often over five or more
years which resulted the ntfs-3g driver. Most importantly they are
Anton Altaparmakov, Jean-Pierre André, Richard Russon, Szabolcs Szakacsits,
Anton Altaparmakov, Jean-Pierre André, Erik Larsson, Richard Russon,
Szabolcs Szakacsits,
Yura Pakhuchiy, Yuval Fledel, and the author of the groundbreaking FUSE
filesystem development framework, Miklos Szeredi.
.SH SEE ALSO